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The Litvaks Written by one of the world's leading historians of Lithuanian Jewry, it not only provides a history of Lithuanian Jewry since the 13th century, but includes a lexicon of Lithuanian towns showing their Yiddish and modern spellings, statistical tables, sample documents and photographs of Jewish life in Lithuania. An extensive bibliography suggests further reading. 7" x 10" 300 pages hardcover $39.95 NO LONGER OFFERED |
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Contents
10 Introduction
Part I
19 The History of Lithuania from the Late Thirteenth to the Late Twentieth Centuries
21 From the Thirteenth Century to the First Partition of Poland (1772)
26 Under Tsarist Rule (1772-1915)
30 During World War 1
31 The Inter-war Years (Independent Lithuania)
35 World War 11
35 Under Soviet Rule: June 1940-June 1941
36 The Nazi Occupation
38 The Postwar Years
Part II
41 The Jews of Lithuania from the Middle Ages to the End of World War I
43 The Jewish Community of Lithuania from Its Earliest Days to the Union with Poland (1569)
48 The Jews in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569-1795)
48 Changes in the Economic and Civil Status of Lithuanian Jewry
51 Crisis (1648-1667) and Recovery
53 Jewish Self-Government: "The Lithuanian Jewish Council" and the "Kahal"
58 Religious and Cultural Life
62 The First Census of Lithuanian Jews, 1765
64 Under Tsarist Rule in the Russian "Pale of Settlement" (1795-1914)
64 Reforms, Regulations, and Decrees (1795-1856)
72 Liberalism and Reaction: From the Crimean War to World War 1 (1856-1914)
77 Demographic Change
83 Economic Activity and the Standard of Living
92 Religious Culture
95 Enlightenment and Education
101 National Movements and Political Activity
106 During World War 1 (1914-1918)
106 Patriotism, Suffering, and Persecution Under Russian Military Rule
107 The Deportation of Lithuanian Jewry to the Russian Interior
109 The Aftermath of the Deportations and the End of Russian Military Rule
109 The German Military Administration (1915-1918)
Part III
115 The Jews in Independent Lithuania During the Inter-war Years
117 Civil and Political Status-From Zenith to Nadir
117 Jewish Participation in the Foundation of the New State
118 Preparations for Autonomous Status
122 The "Golden Age" of Jewish Autonomy in Lithuania
124 The Decline of Jewish Autonomy
127 Demography and Statistics
135 Economic and Social Activity of the Jews
139 The Jewish Cooperative Banking System
141 Government Restrictions and Discrimination
144 Education and Culture
144 Primary and Secondary Education
150 Religious Studies, University Education, and Professional Training
151 Literature and the Press
157 Theaters and Other Cultural Institutions
160 Political Activity on the "Jewish Street"
160 The Zionist Camp
162 (1) General-Liberal Zionism
163 (2) Socialist Zionism: Eretz-Israel (Palestine) Labor
164 (3) Nationalist Zionism
166 (4) Religious Zionism
167 (5) The He-Halutz ("Pioneer") Organization and the Pioneering Youth Movements
174 The Religious Ultra-Orthodox Camp
175 The Folkist-Communist Camp
176 (1) The Folkist Party (Folkspartei)
176 (2) Po'alei Zion-Left
177 (3) The Communists
178
182 Going Downhill: The Gradual Deterioration in the Jews' Situation in the Late 1930S
Part IV
187 World War II, the Holocaust, and the Jewish Survivors
189 The Outbreak of War and the Ensuing Radical Changes in Jewish Life
189 Renewed Contact with the Jews of Vilna
192 Under Soviet Rule (1940-1941)
199 Refugees, Soldiers, and Exiles in the Soviet Interior
200 Lithuanian Jewish Refugees in the Soviet Union
204 In the Lithuanian Division and Other Red Army Units
209 Exiles and Prisoners in the Soviet Union
217 Under Nazi Occupation: The Destruction of Lithuanian Jewry (1941-1945)
217 The Course of the Destruction From Individual Murders to Mass Execution
227 The Jewish Reaction in the Ghettos and Forests
231 In the Concentration Camps
234 Reckoning in Blood
236 The Survivors
237 In the Displaced Persons' Camps of Germany
238 In Postwar Soviet Lithuania
242 The Jews in Newly Independent : Lithuania
249 Epilogue by Yehoshua Trigor
254 Bibliography
265 Index of Names
268 The Jewish Communities and Localities in Inter-war Lithuania
282 Names of Jewish communities that were part of Lithuania in other periods