Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii

Section I
Origins of Russian-Jewish Given Names. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Jewish Names Throughout History: An Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
  Tanakh as Prime Source of Names. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
  Classification of Biblical Names by Pogorel'skij . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
    Babylonian Exile: First Use of Foreign Names (586-537
     B.C.E.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
    Name Development During the Hellenistic Period (323-330
     B.C.E.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
    Roman Rule (Second Century B.C.E.-Seventh Century C.E.). . . . . . . . . . . . 17
    Name Development in the First Ten Centuries of the Common
     Era . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
    Jewish Life and Name Development During the Middle Ages. . . . . . . . . . . . 20
    Post-Spanish Expulsion Period (Sixteenth-Eighteenth
     Centuries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
    Partitions of Poland and Subjugation of the
     Jews by Russia (1772-1795). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
  Nineteenth-Century Russian Legislation Regarding Jewish Given
Names. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
    Formation of Russian-Jewish Patronymics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Section II
Jewish Names Used in Russia, Including Their Known Derivations,

  Abbreviations and Distortions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
  Structure of Entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
  Transliteration Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
  Feminine Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
  Masculine Names. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
  Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Section III
List of Secular Names and Their Root Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
  Feminine Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
  Masculine Names. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135
  Sources Cited by Kulisher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136
  Archival Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137

1.   Some Greek Names Used by the Jews of Antiquity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.   Arabic Names Used by Jews in the Middle Ages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.   German Names Used by Jews in the Middle Ages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.   Other European Names Used by Jews in the Middle Ages. . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.   European Names Adopted by Jews (1492-1781). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
6.   Jewish Names Changed to Adapt to Local Tongues
     and Customs (Fifteenth-Eighteenth Centuries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
7.   Jewish Names from the Ten Polish Provinces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
8.   Jewish Names Typical of the Southwestern Russian Empire
     (Volhyn and Podolia Provinces). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
9.   Jewish Names Typical in Lithuania and the Northwestern
     Russian Empire (Vilna, Kovno, Grodno and Minsk provinces) . . . . . . . . . . 37
10.  Jewish Names from the Baltic Provinces (Estland, Courland,
       Lyfland). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
11.  Non-Jewish Names Adopted by Jews Throughout History . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
12.  Non-Jewish Names Adopted by Jews No Longer Used by
     Christians at the Turn of the Twentieth Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
13.  Names No Longer Used by Jews by the Early Twentieth
       Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
14.  Patronymics That Were Exceptions to Russian Rules of Grammar .. . . . . . . . 49
15.  Cyrillic to the Roman Alphabet Translation Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

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